Thorax Anatomy

1. Pulmonary pedicles-structure, extrinsic and intrinsic relations 2. Right lung-location, configuration, relations, surface projection 3. Left lung-location, configuration, relations, surface projection 4. Right lung-microscopic and functional structure 5. Left lung-microscopic and functional structure 6. Pulmonary circulation-circuit and vessels, their description and main relations. Blood-air barrier, clinical correlations. 7. Nutritive blood supply of lung. Bronchopulmonary lymph vessels 8. Control arterial segments-clinical correlations. Tracheal bifurcation-relations 9. Pleura- definition, location, microscopic structure, blood supply, nerve supply. Relation pleura-wall. Pleural pain 10. Pleural structures-enumeration. Costomediastinal recess-description and surface projection 11. Pleural structures-enumeration. Costodiaphragmatic recess-description and surface projection 12. Pulmonary ligament-description. Anatomical basis of the pleural syndromes-pneumothorax, hydrothorax, hemothorax, chylothorax. Clinical correlations 13. Relations of the plural dome-clinical correlations 14. Mediastinum-definition, topography. Clinical implications of mediastinal displacementanatomical basis 15. Superior mediastinum-limits and contents 16. Anterior and middle mediastinum-limits and contents 17. Posterior mediastinum-limits and contents 18. Fibrous and serous pericardium-definition, location, relations, microscopic structure, nerve supply 19. Pericardial sinuses. The insertion of the pericardium on large vessels 20. Surface projection of the pericardium. Pericardial pain. Anatomical basis of the cardiac tamponade. Anatomical landmarks for the puncture of the pericardium 21. External aspect of the heart 22. Relations of the heart 23. Right atrium 24. Left atrium 25. Right ventricle 26. Left ventricle 27. Mitral valve apparatus 28. Tricuspid valve apparatus 29. Aortic valve apparatus. Aortic root 30. Mitroaortic valve and mitroaortic continuity-definition, location, structure, functional and clinical implications 31. Pulmonar valve apparatus 32. Fibrous skeleton of the heart-components and role 33. Right fibrous trigone-definition, location, relations, role 34. General concepts of myocardial structure 35. Surface projection of the heart. The absolute and relative dullness. X-ray contour of the heart 36. Ascending aorta and aortic arch 37. Ductus arteriosus-formation, evolution, persistence, relations. Clinical implications 38. Thoracic descending aorta 39. Superior vena cava 40. Azygos system 41. Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct 42. Parietal and visceral lymph nodes of the thorax 43. Thoracoabdominal border-topography, description, communication between regions, lymphatic system 44. Thoracocervical border-topography,